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|
Use the information and the Punnett square below to answer the next two (2)
numbers.
In guinea pigs, the allele for black fur
(B) is dominant. The allele for brown fur (b)
is recessive. Two guinea pigs were crossed as shown
in the Punnett square below.
Numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the types of offspring produced from
the cross.
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1.
|
Which of these describes the phenotypes of the parent guinea pigs?
A) | One parent has a mixture of black and brown fur, and the other has black
fur. | B) | Both parents have brown fur. | C) | Both parents have black
fur. |
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2.
|
You should wear goggles in the lab when you are working with.
A) | chemicals. | B) | all of the above. | C) |
flames. |
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3.
|
In the fall, the leaves of many plants change color. Which of the following
abiotic factors is primarily responsible for causing this change?
A) | increased water | B) | decreased light | C) | increased
pH |
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Use the the information and the pedigree below to answer the next three (3)
questions.
In humans, the allele for having feet with normal arches is dominant (A). The
allele
for flat feet is recessive (a). The pedigree below shows the occurrence of normal
arches
and flat feet in four generations of a family. In the pedigree, individuals are
identified by the
generation and individual numbers. For example, Individual 2 in
Generation I is identified as
I-2.
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4.
|
Which of these Punnett squares shows the cross between Individual II-4 and
Individual II-5?
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5.
|
Individuals III-6 and III-7 have two children and are expecting a third child.
Their two children have flat feet. What is the chance that the third child will have normal
arches?
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6.
|
Which of these individuals in the pedigree is a male with the genotype
aa?
A) | Individual II-2 | B) | Individual III-5 | C) | Individual
III-2 |
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Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following
questions.
Squid are marine animals that have a complete circulatory system and reproduce
sexually. A diagram of a squid is shown below.
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7.
|
What organ system controls the movement of the squid’s
tentacles?
A) | nervous system | B) | respiratory system | C) | excretory
system |
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8.
|
Which of these transports nutrients to the cells of a squid?
A) | sea water | B) | blood | C) | gametes |
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9.
|
Refer to the illustration above. On the diagram, animals that feed on plant
eaters are no lower than
A) | level A. | B) | level B. | C) | level
C. |
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10.
|
Refer to the illustration above. How much energy is available to the organisms
in level C?
A) | all of the energy in level A plus the energy in level B | B) | 10 percent of the
energy in level B | C) | all of the energy in level A minus the energy
in level B |
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11.
|
Refer to the illustration above. The diagram shows a(n)
A) | energy pyramid. | C) | population. | B) | food web. |
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12.
|
Refer to the illustration above. Level A is composed of
A) | carnivores. | C) | producers. | B) | herbivores. |
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13.
|
Aphids are insects that feed on fluids from the stems of plants. After the
aphids ingest the plant fluids, they excrete a liquid called honeydew.
Ladybugs eat aphids,
which are a source of protein for the ladybugs. Which of these terms best describes the
relationship between the ladybugs and the aphids?
A) | parasite-host | B) | commensalism | C) | predator-prey |
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14.
|
Most organisms need oxygen for their cells to function normally. In mammals,
two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body.
The respiratory system
brings oxygen into the body from the environment. Which of these body systems is directly
involved in the delivery of oxygen to the major organs of the human body?
A) | the circulatory system | B) | the nervous system | C) | the digestive
system |
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Use the relationships in the food web below to answer the following
questions.
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15.
|
The relationship between the mice and the insects is an example of
A) | commensalism | B) | parasite – host | C) | predator –
prey |
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16.
|
According to the food web, which of these supply energy for all the other
organisms?
A) | grasses | B) | snakes | C) | cougars |
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17.
|
Which of these lists all of the predators shown in the food web?
A) | cougars and snakes | B) | cougars only | C) | cougars, snakes, shrews, and
mice |
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In humans, having freckles ( F) is dominant to not having freckles
( f). The inheritance of these traits can be studied using a Punnett square similar to the one
shown below.
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18.
|
Refer to the illustration above. The child in box 3 of the Punnett square has
the genotype
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19.
|
Refer to the illustration above. The child represented in box 1 in the Punnett
square would
A) | not have freckles. | B) | be homozygous for freckles. | C) | be heterozygous for
freckles. |
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20.
|
Refer to the illustration above. Which box in the Punnett square represents a
child who does not have freckles?
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21.
|
Students are conducting an experiment to determine if sugars are present in
foods. They heat a test tube containing a sugar solution in a beaker of water.
Which of these is
an unsafe laboratory practice in this experiment?
A) | using a test tube clamp to hold the test tube | B) | heating the sugar
solution in a closed test tube | C) | wearing safety goggles while heating the sugar
solution |
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22.
|
A sperm cell of a moth has 112 chromosomes. How many
chromosomes are in the moth’s wing cells?
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23.
|
The chart below is the nutrition facts found on a bag of pretzels.
Which of the following equations could be used to determine the number of
pretzels
in a 100-Calorie serving?
A) | X = 25
100 120 | C) | 30 = 120
100 X | B) | 25
= 120
100
X |
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24.
|
Depending on the environmental conditions, Euglena, a unicellular
protist, can act as either a producer or a consumer. Euglena will most likely
act as a consumer when placed in which of these environments?
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25.
|
A protozoan lives inside a rat and takes its nourishment from the rat’s
body.
Because the protozoan damages the rat’s brain, the rat loses its fear of cats. A
cat
attacks an infected rat; the protozoan enters the cat’s body and completes its
life
cycle.
Which of these describes the relationship between the protozoan and the
rat?
A) | parasite–host | B) | mutualism | C) | predator–prey |
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26.
|
The ears of foxes help to regulate body heat. The fennec fox lives in the
North African desert and has large ears that release body heat. The Arctic fox lives in cold climates
and has small ears that conserve body heat.  Which of these processes
led to the development of different ear sizes in foxes?
A) | mutualism | B) | natural selection | C) | succession |
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27.
|
When the settlers arrived in New England, many forests were turned into fields.
Eventually, some fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests. This is best described
as
A) | succession. | C) | niche realization. | B) | coevolution. |
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Use the forest food web below to answer the next three (3) numbers.
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28.
|
When gypsy moth caterpillars hatch, which of these populations benefits
first?
A) | deer tick | B) | red oak | C) | carpenter
ant |
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29.
|
Which of these describes the role of the red oak in the forest food web?
A) | producer | B) | parasite | C) | omnivore |
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30.
|
The deer tick feeds on the blood of the red squirrel, deer, and deer mouse.
Which of these best describes the role of the deer tick in the forest food web?
A) | carnivore | B) | producer | C) | parasite |
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31.
|
Refer to the illustration above. The process shown in the diagram is known
as
A) | competitive exclusion. | C) | symbiosis. | B) | succession. |
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32.
|
Tallness (T) is dominant to shortness (t) in pea plants. Which of
the following represents a genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?
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33.
|
Before starting an investigation, you should
A) | read all the instructions and ask your teacher if you have any
questions. | B) | read all the instructions and start the lab even if you have
questions. | C) | try out the equipment so you know how it works. |
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34.
|
Deep sea bacteria live at ocean depths too great for light to reach. These
bacteria
make their own food. Which of these is the source of energy for the bacteria?
A) | nucleic acids | C) | binary fission | B) | inorganic
compounds |
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35.
|
If you spill a chemical, you should
A) | tell your lab partner to clean up the spill. | B) | clean up the spill
with a sponge. | C) | tell the teacher. |
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|
Use the information below to answer the following item.
Many bird
species in the forests of eastern North America have very large
geographic ranges. Bird species in
tropical forests have very small geographic
ranges. Many forest areas within the ranges of these
birds are being destroyed.
Scientists believe that the destruction of forests affects birds with
small ranges
more than birds with large ranges.
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36.
|
Which of these is an abiotic factor in both North American and tropical forest
ecosystems?
A) | age of trees | B) | intensity of light | C) | number of
producers |
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37.
|
As a result of the destruction of forests, birds with a small geographic range
are most likely to
A) | lose their specific niche | B) | adapt to a new environment | C) | become less
susceptible to disease |
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38.
|
In humans, the allele for having a hairline with a widow’s peak (H) is
dominant to having a straight hairline (h).  A woman that is
homozygous dominant for having a widow’s peak and a man that is heterozygous for having a
widow’s peak have a child. What is the probability that their child will have a widow’s
peak?
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39.
|
Which of these should be done before beginning a laboratory
investigation?
A) | review the procedure | C) | draw conclusions | B) | record data on
table |
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40.
|
In humans the trait of having freckles (F) is dominant to not having freckles
(f). Which genotype and phenotype are correctly paired?
A) | Ff? –no freckles | B) | Ff? –freckles | C) | FF? –no
freckles |
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41.
|
Amphibians were the first vertebrates to live on land. The ancestors of
amphibians were probably lobe-finned fish. The diagram below shows this development of amphibians
over time.  Which of these terms best describes how
amphibians could have developed from lobe-finned fish? A) | natural selection | B) | cloning | C) | migration |
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42.
|
Which of these represents the structure of messenger RNA?
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43.
|
A scientist is trying to discover a new treatment to stop cancer cells from
dividing. In the cancer cells, which of these processes will stop if the treatment is
successful?
A) | chemosynthesis | B) | mitosis | C) | binary fission
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44.
|
The kinds of species that live in certain areas are determined largely by
A) | plants. | C) | climate. | B) | soil. |
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|
Use the information below to answer the following item.
The water
quality of the Chesapeake Bay is measured by the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program.
Scientists measure the salinity, temperature, pH, and oxygen levels to help determine the health of
the Bay. Healthy water also contains appropriate amounts of nutrients. Monitoring water quality helps
communities make decisions about the Bay.
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45.
|
Which of these would likely be the most immediate result if oxygen levels in
the Bay decreased by 90%?
A) | increase in water temperature | C) | decrease in fish
populations | B) | decrease in salinity levels |
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46.
|
Sea grasses grow on the ocean floor in shallow areas. Runoff from the land
into the
ocean can cause the waters to become cloudy. Cloudy water affects the sea grasses’
ability to make their own food because there is not enough
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47.
|
If a liquid is infl ammable, you should be sure to keep it
A) | next to sources of heat. | C) | away from heat or fl
ames | B) | near the sink. |
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48.
|
Which of these is an example of a heterozygous genotype?
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Use the information and the table below to answer the following.
Elodea, a freshwater plant, releases gas bubbles when it is placed in direct light. In
an investigation, a student placed a lamp at different distances from an aquarium containing
Elodea. The student counted the number of bubbles produced by the Elodea plant. His
data are shown in the table below.
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49.
|
The bubbles released by Elodea contain mostly
A) | nitrogen | B) | water vapor | C) | oxygen |
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50.
|
What energy source is used by Elodea?
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51.
|
A strand of DNA has a nucleotide base sequence of TAC-CGG-AGT. Which of the
following is the complementary mRNA nucleotide sequence produced from the strand of DNA?
A) | ACU-GAA-CGA | B) | AGU-UCC-UAC | C) | AUG-GCC-UCA |
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52.
|
The hind leg bones shown in the whale in Figure 10.2 are examples of  A) | vestigial structures. | B) | fossil structures. | C) | analogous
structures. |
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53.
|
Which RNA sequence is produced using the DNA sequence AGC-TAC-ACT?
A) | TCG-ATG-TGA | C) | UCG-AUG-UGA | B) | AGC-UAC-ACU |
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54.
|
Which of these combinations results in the
expression of a recessive trait?
A) | a dominant allele and a recessive
allele | B) | a dominant sex-linked allele and a Y
chromosome | C) | two recessive
alleles |
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|
A marine environment provides a habitat for a variety of plants and animals.
A small part of a marine food web is shown below.
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55.
|
Horseshoe crabs are used by fisherman for bait. If the horseshoe crab
population were reduced by overfishing, which of these groups of organisms would most likely
decrease in number?
A) | sanderlings, loggerhead turtles, and striped bass | B) | grackles, plankton,
and diamondback terrapin | C) | striped bass, sanderlings, and razor
clams |
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56.
|
Which of these describes the role of the sanderling in the marine food
web?
A) | omnivore | B) | carnivore | C) | herbivore |
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57.
|
Some bacteria live in habitats without light. They produce their own food
using
inorganic substances from the environment.
Which of these terms best describes
this process?
A) | chemosynthesis | C) | cellular respiration | B) | photosynthesis |
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58.
|
You should not mix chemicals together unless told to do so. Which choice is NOT
a reason for this rule?
A) | The mixture could splash out of the container. | B) | The mixture could
explode. | C) | The mixture could produce a toxic gas. |
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59.
|
An ecosystem contains organisms interacting with each other and their physical
environment. Which of these is the best indicator of a healthy ecosystem?
A) | There is a large population of only one species. | B) | There are many
different species. | C) | There are few
herbivores. |
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60.
|
The method for safely determining the odor of a chemical is called
A) | wafting. | C) | stirring. | B) | decanting. |
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61.
|
Horses have 64 chromosomes in each body cell. If a horse cell undergoes
meiosis,
how many chromosomes should be in each gamete?
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62.
|
A new species is introduced into an area. This can have harmful effects on
species already inhabiting the area. The harmful effects are most likely a result of
A) | competition | B) | commensalism | C) | succession |
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63.
|
Which of the following statements is true of homozygous alleles?
A) | They are different forms of the same trait. | B) | They are identical
forms of the same gene. | C) | They are identical forms of two different
genes. |
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64.
|
Below is a diagram that represents the relationship between two glands.  This is an example of A) | feedback | B) | anaerobic respiration | C) | natural
selection |
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65.
|
The diagram below represents a coastal food web.  Global warming causes an increase in coastal water temperatures. Increased coastal
water temperature causes a decrease in reproduction of krill. Which of these would most likely
experience an increase in population? A) | phytoplankton | B) | anchovy | C) | gull |
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66.
|
The human body functions properly when organ systems work together.
Which
organ system works with the muscular system to control muscle contraction?
A) | nervous | B) | circulatory | C) | reproductive |
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67.
|
Most carbohydrates in the human body are -
A) | consumed as a source of energy | B) | not easily absorbed into the
bloodstream | C) | used as building blocks for proteins |
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68.
|
Which of the following precautions should you follow in the laboratory if you
have long hair?
A) | Be sure your hair is clean. | B) | Tie your hair back from your
face. | C) | Long hair is not allowed in the laboratory under any
circumstances. |
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69.
|
A student designed the chart below to classify different organisms into four
groups.
According to the student’s
classification chart, an organism with no wings and four
legs would belong to which
group?
A) | Group C | B) | Group A | C) | Group
B |
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|
|
Corals are marine animals that often live in tropical seas. Many types of
corals have unicellular algae living in their tissues. The algae provide up to 98 percent of the
corals' food. The corals provide protection and inorganic nutrients for the algae.
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70.
|
Algae leave the coral when the water is too warm. What kind of factor is
temperature on this relationship?
A) | biotic | C) | abiotic | B) | parasitic |
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