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Biology Test 2 - C

Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
A researcher recently discovered a species of bacteria. DNA sequences were
obtained from it and from several other species of bacteria. The DNA sequences
came from the same part of the bacterial chromosome of each species.
mc001-1.jpg
According to the data above, the unknown bacteria are most closely related to
which species?
A
Species IV
C
Species I
B
Species II
D
Species III
 

 2. 
Students will conduct a laboratory experiment using the following materials: a Bunsen burner, a beaker of water, glass tubing, four test tubes containing different chemicals, and rubber stoppers. Which of these steps is most critical for students to follow when using these materials in the lab?
A
wearing eye protection at all times
B
washing hands before starting the experiment
C
writing the lab procedure in a notebook
D
placing a stopper on all test tubes before heating them
 

 3. 
Hemoglobin is an important protein in red blood cells. The DNA code for hemoglobin contains the following segment:
                TGC-GGA-CTC-CTC
Which of these is the messenger RNA code for this segment of DNA?
A
TCC-GGT-CTC-CTC
C
UGC-GGA-CUC-CUC
B
ACG-CCT-GAA-GAA
D
ACG-CCU-GAG-GAG
 

 4. 
Which of these are the repeating units that form a DNA molecule?
A
chromosomes
C
amino acids
B
nucleotides
D
fatty acids
 

 5. 
Which of these is an example of homeostasis in a multicellular organism?
A
regulating body temperature
C
growing larger and stronger
B
building a nest
D
inheriting a trait
 
 
Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, carries oxygen. Abnormal hemoglobin cannot carry as much oxygen as normal hemoglobin. The sequences below show sections of the DNA sequence that produce both the normal and abnormal types of hemoglobin.
nar005-1.jpg
 

 6. 
Which of the following amino acid sequences is produced from the abnormal DNA sequence?
A
proline – glutamic acid – glutamic acid
B
valine – glutamic acid – glutamic acid
C
proline – valine – glutamic acid
D
glutamic acid – leucine - leucine
 

 7. 
Which of these represents the structure of messenger RNA?
A
mc007-1.jpg
C
mc007-3.jpg
B
mc007-2.jpg
D
mc007-4.jpg
 

 8. 
Which of these should be done before beginning a laboratory investigation?
A
record data on table
C
collect data
B
draw conclusions
D
review the procedure
 

 9. 
Most organisms need oxygen for their cells to function normally. In mammals, two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body.

The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body from the environment. Which of these body systems is directly involved in the delivery of oxygen to the major organs of the human body?
A
the endocrine system
C
the digestive system
B
the circulatory system
D
the nervous system
 

 10. 
The genetic information for making a protein must move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Which of these moves this information to the cytoplasm?
A
an amino acid
C
RNA
B
DNA
D
a ribosome
 

 11. 
A cellular process uses a strand of genetic material to produce a new strand. Parts of the strands are shown below.
                      mc011-1.jpg
This new strand will most likely be used for
A
protein synthesis
C
crossing-over
B
gene splicing
D
DNA synthesis
 

 12. 
Which sequence shows the progression from least complex structure to most complex structure?
A
organ system mc012-1.jpg tissue mc012-2.jpg organ mc012-3.jpg cell
B
cell mc012-4.jpg organ mc012-5.jpg tissue mc012-6.jpg organ system
C
organ system mc012-7.jpg organ mc012-8.jpg tissue mc012-9.jpg cell
D
cell mc012-10.jpg tissue mc012-11.jpg organ mc012-12.jpg organ system
 

 13. 
Which phrase best describes an organ system?
A
group of specialized cells that forms organs
B
group of organs that work together
C
group of cells that differentiates at the same rate
D
group of tissues that performs a function
 

 14. 
Which of the following is a direct result of a normal cell's ability to express only certain genes?
A
Cells can become totipotent.
C
Cells can grow and reproduce.
B
Cells can differentiate and specialize.
D
Cells can mutate and adapt.
 

 15. 
Stem cells are important to multicellular organisms because of their
A
tendency to maintain homeostasis.
C
potential to become totipotent.
B
capacity to differentiate.
D
ability to relocate.
 

 16. 
Which type of stem cell can grow into any other cell type?
A
multipotent
C
pluripotent
B
somatic
D
totipotent
 
 
Use the diagram below to answer the next two numbers.
nar001-1.jpg
 

 17. 
Which of these is a nucleotide?
A
4
C
2
B
1
D
3
 

 18. 
Which of these is a sugar?
A
4
C
3
B
1
D
2
 

 19. 
Which of these is a phosphate?
A
3
C
1
B
4
D
2
 

 20. 
Which of these are the base pairs?
A
3
C
2
B
1
D
4
 

 21. 
Which of the following processes results in cells losing their potential to become any type of cell?
A
apoptosis
C
determination
B
differentiation
D
specialization
 

 22. 
Which cells are produced during the first few divisions of the zygote?
A
embryonic stem cells
C
epithelial cells
B
cardiac muscle cells
D
bone cells
 

 23. 
Which of the following is the most complex level of organization in a multicellular structure?
A
cells
C
organs
B
tissues
D
organ systems
 

 24. 
The major organ system that eliminates waste products is the
A
integumentary system.
C
endocrine system.
B
excretory system.
D
reproductive system
 

 25. 
Apoptosis is a normal part of
A
systems.
C
development.
B
determination.
D
tissues.
 

 26. 
The nucleotide base sequence of a strand of DNA is TAC-CGG-AGT. What is the
sequence of the complementary DNA strand?
A
ATG-GCC-TCA
C
AGT-TCC-TAC
B
TAC-CGG-AGT
D
ACT-GAA-CGA
 

 27. 
Two segments of DNA are shown in the diagram below.
mc027-1.jpg
Normal thymine (T) is found in the old strand. It is replaced by an abnormal
molecule (T*) in the new strand. The abnormal molecule (T*) binds to guanine (G)
instead of binding to adenine (A). This is an example of
A
binary fission
C
an adaptation
B
protein synthesis
D
a mutation
 
 
Use the information below to answer the following item.

Hummingbirds need large amounts of energy to flap their wings between 60 and 200 times per second. Their wings beat so rapidly that it is difficult to see them move. They often appear suspended in air for extended periods of time without changing their location. Hummingbirds have long bills and grooved tongues to reach into flowers to feed on flower nectar. They also feed on insects.
 

 28. 
The body system most directly interacting with the skeletal system to enable hummingbirds to beat their wings between 60 and 200 times per second is the -
A
endocrine system
C
circulatory system
B
digestive system
D
muscular system
 
 
Use the information and the graph below to answer the following questions.

A group of students measured the volume of air they exhaled during three different
activities: sitting, walking, and running. The volume of exhaled air is directly
related to the amount of carbon dioxide produced. The data the students collected
are summarized in the graph below.
nar003-1.jpg
 

 29. 
Which of these statements best explains the data?
A
The amount of carbon dioxide production remains constant as metabolism
increases.
B
As metabolism increases, the amount of carbon dioxide produced decreases.
C
The rate of metabolism depends on the amount of carbon dioxide produced.
D
As metabolism increases, the amount of carbon dioxide produced increases.
 

 30. 
According to the data, as physical activity increases, the amount of carbon dioxide produced
A
increases
C
decreases, then increases
B
decreases
D
remains constant
 

 31. 
Cheryl wants to perform an investigation that requires using hazardous chemicals. The following steps of the investigation are not in the correct order.
1. Perform the investigation
2. Design the investigation
3. Put on gloves, goggles, and an apron
4. Dispose of waste materials
Which of these is the correct sequence of steps to safely complete the investigation?
A
3-2-1-4
C
4-1-3-2
B
1-3-4-2
D
2-3-1-4
 
 
Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following questions.

Squid are marine animals that have a complete circulatory system and reproduce
sexually. A diagram of a squid is shown below.
nar004-1.jpg
 

 32. 
Which of these transports nutrients to the cells of a squid?
A
blood
C
gametes
B
sea water
D
nerves
 

 33. 
What organ system controls the movement of the squid’s tentacles?
A
respiratory system
C
excretory system
B
nervous system
D
circulatory system
 

 34. 
Below are parts of the mitochondrial DNA codes for the American black bear, the giant panda, the red panda, and the raccoon.
mc034-1.jpg
Based on this information, which two species are most closely related?
A
the red panda and the giant panda
B
the American black bear and the raccoon
C
the American black bear and the giant panda
D
the red panda and the raccoon
 

 35. 

mc035-1.jpg
Which of these segments could be used to correctly complete the DNA molecule in the diagram above?
A
mc035-2.jpg
C
mc035-4.jpg
B
mc035-3.jpg
D
mc035-5.jpg
 
 
      Sensors, control centers, communication systems, and targets work together in what is known as a feedback loop. Feedback is information from sensors that allows a control center to compare current conditions to a set of ideal values. In a feedback loop, information moves continuously among sensors, a control center, and a target. Negative feedback loops counteract any change that moves conditions above or below a set point. For instance, if your fluid balance falls below a set point, your brain sends signals that cause you to drink more. Positive feedback loops increase change away from set points. In an emergency, for example, adrenaline pours into your system to give you more strength until the emergency is over.
 

 36. 
This type of feedback counteracts a change in a way that helps bring the body back to normal. Example: breathing faster while running to keep oxygen moving into muscle cells.
A
Positive feedback
B
Negative Feedback
 

 37. 
This type of feedback  increases change in a way that enables the body to accomplish a specific task. Example: blood clotting to begin healing a wound
A
Negative feedback
B
Positive feedback
 

 38. 
It’s a hot day and you’re sweating. Sweating helps keep body temperature from rising too high. This response is an example of -
A
Negative feedback
B
Positive feedback
 

 39. 
Human growth hormone is produced during the years that a child’s body is growing. When adulthood is reached, the body’s cells no longer need the same amount of growth hormone, so hormone production is reduced. This response is an example of -
A
Positive feedback
B
Negative feedback
 

 40. 
During childbirth, a woman's body produces oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract.  To maintain the contractions, more oxytocin is produced until the baby is born. This is an example of
A
negative feedback.
B
positive feedback.
 



 
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