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ALL answers must come from
your text on pages 292-296. Googled answers will be marked wrong.
MAIN IDEA: Evidence for
evolution in Darwin’s time came from several sources.
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1.
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Describe (or define) the four sources of evidence for evolution upon which
Darwin based his ideas on common descent.
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2.
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Give examples of fossils as evidence for
evolution.
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3.
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Give examples of geography as evidence for
evolution.
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4.
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Give examples of embryology as evidence for
evolution.
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5.
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Give examples of anatomy as evidence for
evolution.
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6.
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Referring to Figure 4.2 on page 293, what different environmental conditions
might be
found on the islands that these two species of finch inhabit?
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7.
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Describe how some of the Galápagos finch species, which traditionally were
seed eaters,
evolved over generations to prefer insects over seeds.
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8.
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Referring to Figure 4.4 on page 294, what body part of a dolphin is
homologous to the structures shown?
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9.
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How can a bat’s wing be considered both a homologous structure and
an analogous structure?
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10.
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Using the terms homologous and analogous, identify which group of structures
provides evidence for a common ancestor. Explain your answer.
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MAIN IDEA: Structural patterns are clues to the history of a
species.
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11.
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Vestigial structures seem to lack any useful function, or are at least no longer
used for their original purpose. Write three (3) examples of vestigial structures.
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12.
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Many modern whale species have vestigial pelvic and leg bones. What does this
suggest about the ancestry of modern whales?
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13.
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What are vestigial structures, and how do they demonstrate common
ancestry?
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14.
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Wisdom teeth are a third set of molars that usually appear in humans between the
ages of 17 and 25, and often need removing because they crowd out other teeth. Explain why
wisdom teeth are vestigial structures.
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Vocabulary Check: use the following words
below
homologous structure
analogous structure
vestigial
structure | |
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15.
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Feature that is similar in structure in different organisms but has different
functions
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16.
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Feature that performs a similar function in different organisms but is not
similar in origin
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17.
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Is not evidence of a
common ancestor
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18.
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Remnant of an organ or structure that had a function in an early ancestor
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19.
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Examples include the wing of a bat and the hand of a human
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20.
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Examples include the wing of a bird and the wing of an insect
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21.
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Examples include the wing of an ostrich and the appendix of a human
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KEY
CONCEPT Evidence of common ancestry among species comes from many
sources.
Darwin found evidence supporting
evolution from a wide range of sources. The most important and convincing support came from fossils,
geography, embryology, and anatomy.
• The fossil is a record of change in a
species over time. Geologists found that fossil organisms on the bottom, or older, layers were more
primitive than those in the upper, or newer, layers. These findings supported Darwin’s concept
of descent with modification.
• Biogeography, the study
of the distribution of organisms around the world, reveals a pattern of evolution of organisms.
Darwin’s observations on the Galapagos islands, for instance, demonstrated that species can
adapt to different environments and evolve into separate populations or species over
time.
• Embryology, the study of embryo development, reveals
that even organisms that are very different from each other in their adult forms can have similar
patterns of development. Two species that exhibit similar traits during development are likely to
have a common ancestor.
• Anatomy also provides
insight into evolution. Homologous structures are features that are similar in structure but
appear in different organisms and have different functions. Vestigial structures are remnants
of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor. Both homologous structures and
vestigial structures point to a shared ancestry among organisms that share them.
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22.
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How did the study of fossils help
support Darwin’s ideas about evolution? (5 pts)
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23.
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How did the study of organisms on
islands help support Darwin’s ideas? (5 pts)
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24.
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In all animals with backbones, including humans,
early embryos have gill slits that later develop into structures of ears and throats in
mammals. What does this suggest about the relationship between all vertebrates? (5
pts)
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25.
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What are two (2) examples of types of body
structures that provide evidence of a common ancestor among diverse organisms? (4 pts)
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Section Quiz 10.4: Evidence for Evolution
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26.
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Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
A. | the wings of red-tailed hawks | B. | the hind limbs of a house
cat | C. | the fins of a shark | D. | the wings of an
ostrich |
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27.
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Biogeography is the study of the
A. | distribution of organisms around the world. | B. | environments around
the world. | C. | different types of rocks around the world. | D. | age of fossils
around the world. |
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28.
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What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of
vertebrates?
A. | no evolutionary relationship between the groups | B. | recent common
ancestry | C. | similar environments in the past | D. | evolution from a distant common
ancestor |
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29.
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Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different
functions, but similar structures. These are known as
A. | vestigial structures. | B. | analogous structures. | C. | homologous
structures. | D. | fossil structures. |
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30.
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If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a
function in a(n)
A. | close relative. | B. | early ancestor. | C. | unrelated
organism. | D. | embryological stage. |
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