Short Answer
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1.
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The gap between the motor neuron and the muscle
fiber it supplies at the neuromuscular junction is called the ___________________. (p 188)
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2.
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When a skeletal muscle is fully contracted, the
__________ are closer to the thick filaments. (p 191)
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3.
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A smooth, sustained contraction is called
__________. (p 192-193)
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4.
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Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP in the absence of
__________. (p 194)
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5.
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Contractions in which muscles do not produce
movement or shortening are termed _______________________. (p
195)
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Multiple Choice: Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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6.
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Acetylcholine is: (p
188)
A | an ion pump on the postsynaptic
membrane | B | a source of energy for muscle
contraction | C | a component of
thick myofilaments | D | an oxygen-binding
protein | E | a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal
muscle |
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7.
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The gap between the axon terminal of a motor neuron
and the sarcolemma of a skeletal muscle cell is called the: (p
188)
A | motor unit | D | synaptic cleft | B | sarcomere | E | cross bridge | C | neuromuscular junction |
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8.
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Neurotransmitters are released upon stimulation
from a nerve impulse by the: (p 188)
A | myofibrils | D | axon
terminals of the motor neuron | B | motor
unit | E | sarcolemma of the muscle cell | C | thick filaments |
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9.
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Which of these events must occur first to trigger
the skeletal muscle to generate an action potential and contract: (p
188)
A | sodium ions rush into the
cell | B | acetylcholine (ACh) causes temporary permeability to
sodium | C | diffusion of potassium ions out of the
cell | D | operation of the sodium-potassium
pump | E | acetylcholinesterase (AchE) breaks down acetylcholine
(ACh) |
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10.
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Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle
contraction: (p 191)
A | calcium increases the action potential transmitted along
the sarcolemma | B | calcium releases
the inhibition on Z discs | C | calcium triggers
the binding of myosin to actin | D | calcium causes ATP
binding to actin | E | calcium binds to
regulatory proteins on the myosin filaments, changing both their shape and their position on the
thick filaments |
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11.
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The mechanical force of contraction is generated
by: (p 191)
A | shortening of the thick
filaments | B | shortening of the thin
filaments | C | a sliding of thin filaments past thick
ones | D | the "accordian-like" folding of thin and thick
filaments | E | the temporary disappearance of thin
filaments |
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12.
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Which of the following can actually shorten during
a muscle contraction: (p 191)
A | myosin filaments | D | sarcomeres | B | A
bands | E | myofilaments | C | actin
filaments |
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13.
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A single, brief, jerky muscle contraction is
termed: (p 192)
A | tetanus | D | isotonic | B | twitch | E | anaerobic | C | isometric |
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14.
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Creatine phosphate (CP) functions within the muscle
cells by (p 193):
A | forming a temporary chemical compound with
myosin | B | forming a chemical compound with
actin | C | inducing a conformational change in the
myofilaments | D | storing energy that
will be transferred to ADP to resynthesize ATP as needed | E | storing energy that will be transferred to ATP to resynthesize ADP as
needed |
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15.
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The condition of skeletal muscle fatigue can be
best explained by: (p 195)
A | the all-or-none law | B | the inability to generate sufficient quantities of ATP due to feedback
regulation of synthesis | C | insufficient
intracellular quantities of ATP due to excessive consumption | D | a total lack of ATP | E | inadequate numbers
of mitochondria |
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