Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the BEST answer.
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1.
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Which of the animals shown in the simplified food web in Figure 14.1 are primary
consumers?  A | rabbit and caterpillar | C | caterpillar and sparrow | B | deer and
snake | D | frog and
snake |
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2.
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Which of the following would be a biotic factor in a wolf's
environment?
A | a snow storm | C | a rock | B | a stream | D | a snowshoe hare |
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3.
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Which phrase best describes an ecosystem?
A | only biotic factors | C | both biotic and abiotic factors | B | only abiotic
factors | D | neither biotic nor
abiotic factors |
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4.
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Natural selection is a theory that states that animals will survive and
reproduce if they have
A | beneficial traits. | C | hearty DNA. | B | enough water. | D | spinal cords. |
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5.
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Which of the following cycles depends upon photosynthesis and
respiration?
A | nitrogen cycle | C | carbon cycle | B | hydrologic cycle | D | phosphorus cycle |
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6.
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The species in a boreal forest include moose, wolves, lichens, mosses, lake
trout, mosquitoes, and spruce trees. What level of organization does this group of species form?
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A | population | C | ecosystem | B | community | D | biome |
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7.
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A group of emperor penguins living together on a particular beach is an example
of a(n)
A | ecosystem. | B | community. | C | species. | D | population. |
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8.
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Which trophic level provides food for all other levels of a food chain?
A | producer | B | primary consumer | C | secondary
consumer | D | tertiary consumer |
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9.
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Which of the following factors leads to greater genetic diversity?
A | colder climate | C | common ancestors | B | sexual reproduction | D | genetic drift |
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10.
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Which of the following best describes the frequency of extreme phenotypes shown
in Figure 14.2?  A | favored | B | more frequent | C | eliminated | D | less common |
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11.
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Sea stars are fierce competitors of marine organisms such as clams and mussels.
An ecologist studying an ocean ecosystem performed an experiment in which the sea stars were removed
from the ecosystem. After the removal of the sea stars,
A | the ecosystem became more diverse. | B | the size of the ecosystem was
reduced. | C | food webs in the ecosystem became more complex. | D | the number of species
in the ecosystem was reduced. |
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12.
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Refer to the illustration above. Because the two species of barnacles attempt to
use the same resources, they are
A | parasites. | C | mutualistic. | B | competitors. | D | symbiotic. |
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13.
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Refer to the illustration above. Diagram A indicates that the barnacle
Chthamalus stellatus can live in both shallow and deep water on a rocky coast. This is the
barnacle’s
A | competitive niche. | C | fundamental niche. | B | realized niche. | D | exclusive niche. |
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14.
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Refer to the illustration above. Diagram B indicates that the barnacle
Balanus balanoides prefers to live in deep water. Deep water is the barnacle’s
A | competitive niche. | C | fundamental niche. | B | realized niche. | D | exclusive niche. |
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15.
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Refer to the illustration above. Diagram C indicates that when the two barnacles
live together, Chthamalus is restricted to shallow water. Shallow water is the
barnacle’s
A | competitive niche. | C | fundamental niche. | B | realized niche. | D | exclusive niche. |
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